The conflict in the Middle East has become a complex and prolonged global issue. The various factors behind it, including political power, economics, religious identity, and foreign intervention, create unique and diverse dynamics. One prime example is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that has lasted for decades. The tension between the two sides concerns claims to the same territory, including Jerusalem, which has high religious significance for Muslims, Christians and Jews. Sectarian dynamics also play an important role in conflicts in the Middle East, especially disputes between Sunnis and Shiites. Rivalry between Shia-dominated Iran and Sunni power Saudi Arabia has exacerbated tensions in the region. For example, Iran’s intervention in Syria and support for militia groups such as Hezbollah created far-reaching consequences, not only in that country but also in Iraq and Lebanon. Unstable economic conditions in Middle Eastern countries often trigger conflict. Many countries, such as Yemen and Libya, are experiencing severe economic crises due to civil war, which has pushed their people into poverty. As a result, extremist groups such as al-Qaeda and ISIS exploit public discontent to recruit new members. Foreign intervention also complicates the situation. The involvement of the United States and European countries in conflicts such as those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and more recently in Syria contributed to changes in the political landscape. Military approaches often bypass diplomatic solutions, leading to long-term instability. Climate change and global warming add new challenges to the Middle East. The water crisis and scarcity of natural resources are further exacerbating competition among countries, adding new layers to already complex conflicts. This is seen in countries such as Iraq and Syria, where irrigation and water management issues are a source of dispute. The impact of the conflict in the Middle East is not only felt by the countries involved, but also by the global community. The large influx of refugees forced countries in Europe and beyond to adapt to the arrival of immigrants. The issue of terrorism is also a major concern, considering that extremist groups often carry out attacks in Western countries. Peace in the Middle East requires a multilateral and collaborative approach, involving regional countries as well as global powers. Inclusive diplomacy and a deep understanding of the local context are key to creating sustainable solutions. Awareness of the importance of dialogue between religions and ethnic groups cannot be ignored if we want to achieve long-term stability in this region.
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