Police investigation involves an extensive range of techniques that combine to bring criminal cases to a successful conclusion. Investigators use modern tools such as DNA examinations and forensic technologies, alongside their experience, to solve complex crimes.
All crime scenes are managed by police officers using specific protocols to ensure the integrity of evidence. Preventing contamination of a scene is a major priority; improper handling of a crime site can lead to inaccurate conclusions, missed opportunities or even wrongful conviction.
Once a scene is secure, officers document and collect evidence in a methodical manner to create a thorough record for prosecutors to use in court. This includes gathering physical and forensic evidence, such as blood spatter, footprints, clothing fibres, hairs and body fluids. Detectives also take steps to protect the scene, including establishing boundaries that restrict access to only authorized people, like using police tape or patrol cars.
Investigators follow all reasonable lines of enquiry to gather material that points both towards and away from a suspect. This can include examining fingerprints, CCTV images, building profiles and checking crime databases. Public tips and informants are also helpful in identifying potential suspects.
When a suspect is identified, police make an arrest using appropriate procedures to ensure the legality of the action. For example, police must have probable cause to search a person’s home or their clothes, and arresting a suspect requires a warrant from a judge. Officers must also read suspects their rights and provide them with legal counsel before they book them.
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