Climate research investigates the factors that influence global climate patterns. It also helps us understand the impacts of these changes on natural and human systems. This work involves interdisciplinary approaches, drawing on expertise from atmospheric science, oceanography, geology, and ecology to build a rich understanding of complex climate systems. The outcomes of this research are vital for guiding international policy-making and for motivating governments to take action.
The work of scientists studying the Earth’s atmosphere and its ecosystems has led to a consensus that human activities are driving many of the changes we see on our planet. It’s important to note, however, that scientists do not have a crystal ball. While we can point to signposts for future impacts, it’s impossible to predict exactly what will happen or when. Some species may adapt to changing conditions, while others will lose their homes or become extinct.
The climate change we’re seeing is unprecedented over millennia. This is largely due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations caused by burning fossil fuels. The accumulation of these gases traps more of the Sun’s energy in the Earth system, warming the atmosphere and oceans, melting ice sheets, and altering habitats. Scientists are measuring the effects of these changes by examining ice cores, sampling air, observing forests, and using computer models to build predictions about Earth’s future. This knowledge provides us with crucial information for addressing climate change—including how we can slow or even reverse harmful trends, and how we can adapt to inevitable changes.
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